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講者：何文壽教授
演講題目：New Membranes for
Brackish and Sea Water Desalination
演講時間：7/2(三) 上午 10:00
演講地點：化工館工223室
主持人：王大銘教授
New Membranes for Brackish and Sea Water
Desalination
W.S. Winston Ho
William
G. Lowrie Department of Chemical &
Biomolecular Engineering
Department of Materials Science and
Engineering
The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1178, USA
Phone:
614-292-9970; Fax: 614-292-3769; E-mail: ho.192@osu.edu
Abstract
This presentation covers new high-flux
and fouling-resistant reverse osmosis membranes synthesized through interfacial polymerization
for brackish and sea
water purification. We will review and discuss the
state-of-the-art membranes in the thin-film-composite (TFC) structure prepared
by interfacial polymerization. Recent
advances have been in high flux TFC interfacially polymerized membranes for
increasing water productivity and decreasing energy consumption. We have synthesized high flux membranes by
incorporating a hydrophilic additive in the aqueous amine solution during interfacial
polymerization, resulting in increasing water flux significantly through an
additional pathway for water transport while maintaining high salt rejection
via charge repulsion. The membrane has
shown 100% increase in water flux vs. the industry standard Film-Tec FT-30
membrane while maintaining a high NaCl rejection of about 99% for brackish
water desalination. Initial scale-up of
the membrane to commercial size has been successful. Also discussed is the
fouling-resistant property of the synthesized membrane enhanced by physically
coating a crosslinked polyethylene glycol layer on top of the thin film. For seawater desalination, the synthesized membranes showed a very high flux of 1.81 m3/m2/day (44.4 gallons/ft2/day
(gfd)) and a salt rejection of 99.41% using 3.28% NaCl solution. The
high-flux membrane
was further tested using seawater
from Port Hueneme, CA, and it exhibited a very good and stable desalination
performance for 30 days. FTIR
confirmed the good membrane
stability. The membrane synthesized with hydrophilic additive showed significantly improved fouling resistance. This was
confirmed by an analysis through the basic transport equation. Analysis using atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed a smoother membrane surface for the membrane incorporated with the hydrophilic additive.
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